Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-short-options-paper-shared-by-parts-a-and-b-of-the-physics-course-of-the-university-of-oxford/2019/s1/3/e/solution

Shrink the positive outer contour to the branch cut . On its upper bank the chosen branch of a multivalued function has and on the lower bank it has the negative of this value. The upper bank runs from to , and the lower bank runs from to . The endpoint circles contribute and vanish. Hence
The change of variables independently reduces the result to the integral of over .

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