Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-short-options-paper-shared-by-prelims-and-parts-a-and-b-of-the-physics-course-of-the-university-of-oxford/2012/s1/2/c/solution

For the image is , a real number. Therefore each semicircle maps onto the real interval , with endpoints included for closed semicircles. Under positive traversal of the full unit circle, the upper half runs from to and the lower half returns from to . Every interior point has two unit-circle preimages. The Joukowski circle-to-ellipse mapping degenerates to a doubled line segment at this radius.

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