Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-short-options-paper-shared-by-prelims-and-parts-a-and-b-of-the-physics-course-of-the-university-of-oxford/2012/s9/2/c/solution

Expand the three increments into their eight monomial products. Exactly one term has every driving-sign index appearing an even number of times: take from , from , and from . Their product is . Every other term leaves an unpaired mean-zero sign. Thus
If the increments were independent, their three zero means would instead give zero. The nonzero third-order moment is therefore a direct demonstration of nonlinear temporal dependence despite vanishing nonzero-lag autocovariances.

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