Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-year-1-of-the-computer-science-course-of-the-university-of-oxford/2016/discrete-mathematics-continuous-mathematics-and-probability-resit/2/e/i/solution

The stated identity has an even right side because is even. Its left side is an odd integer times the integer binomial coefficient . An odd multiplier preserves integer parity, so that coefficient must be even. Equivalently, reducing the identity in modular arithmetic gives

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