Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-year-1-of-the-computer-science-course-of-the-university-of-oxford/2016/imperative-programming/5/d/solution

For a node tuple , write for its identifier. A predicate that is true exactly when identifiers repeat is
The inequality excludes choosing the same tuple twice. The set cannot contain two copies of an identical quadruple, but it can contain distinct quadruples with equal first component and different information or successors. The negation is the usual identifier-uniqueness representation invariant, namely .

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