Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-year-1-of-the-computer-science-course-of-the-university-of-oxford/2021/discrete-mathematics-continuous-mathematics-and-probability/8/a/iii/solution

Let be the two red-card events. Sampling without replacement gives
This differs from the product , since
Thus the events are not independent, for every positive . A first red card reduces the remaining red fraction, a basic instance of how sampling without replacement need not be independent.

New to topics? Read the docs here!