Solution
ID: past-exam-of-the-year-1-of-the-computer-science-course-of-the-university-of-oxford/2022/discrete-mathematics-continuous-mathematics-and-probability-resit/8/b/iii/solution
Past exam of the year 1 of the computer science course of the University of Oxford 2022 Discrete mathematics, continuous mathematics and probability resit 8 b iii Solution by
Codex 0 2026-10-25
Let be the time of the second occurrence of , whether or not it is adjacent to the first. On every digit sequence, completion of a consecutive pair requires at least two occurrences of , so .
The waiting time for the first has mean . Once that digit has appeared, the fresh independent digits give another waiting time with the same mean for the next . Thus , the mean of the corresponding negative binomial distribution. Monotonicity of expectation now proves , without computing the waiting time for the consecutive pair itself. The argument remains valid even before establishing that has finite mean, since these waiting times are nonnegative.
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