 Pattern matching

Selecting a branch and binding components according to a value's constructor structure. In Haskell, matching a constructor can demand the outer constructor without demanding every field; a failed or undefined match has distinct consequences from an irrefutable pattern.

Pattern matching is a technique used in various fields such as computer science, mathematics, and data analysis to identify occurrences of structures (patterns) within larger sets of data or information. It encompasses a wide range of applications, from programming to artificial intelligence. Here are some key aspects: 1. **Computer Science**: In programming languages, pattern matching often refers to checking a value against a pattern and can be used in functions, data structures, and control flow.