 Perfect quantum state transfer

A Hamiltonian operator has perfect transfer between basis states $|a⟩,|b⟩$ at time $t_{\ast }$ if $e^{-iH{t}_{\ast }}|a⟩=e^{i\chi }|b⟩$ for a known global phase $\chi$. In an excitation-conserving qubit network whose vacuum is fixed, the initial product state with $\alpha |0⟩+\beta |1⟩$ at site $a$ and zeros elsewhere evolves to $\alpha |\mathrm{vac}⟩+\beta e^{i\chi }|b⟩$. A local phase gate at $b$ removing $\chi$ restores the unknown qubit there. This explains why transfer of the single-excitation basis state suffices for qubit transfer when the vacuum phase is also accounted for.