 Moving Charges and Magnetism

Issued by National Council of Educational Research and Training.

Online text: ncert.nic.in/textbook/pdf/leph104.pdf

First edition December 2006; revised edition November 2022; the linked chapter is marked Reprint 2026–27. The issuing body is NCERT; no individual chapter byline is asserted.

Cited passages: Physics Part I, Class XII, §4.10, printed pp. 129–130, Figure 4.20 and equation (4.26): radial field, iron core, spring and pointer; §4.9.1, equations (4.20)–(4.24), and §4.10, equation (4.26): fixed-field versus radial-field torque.