 Quantum Hall plateau

The degeneracy of a Landau level is $eBA/h$ per resolved internal branch in area $A$. The filling factor $f=n_{s}h/(eB)$ varies continuously. Additional localized eigenstates need not carry bulk transport, allowing an integer plateau over an interval of $f$; a mobility gap need not be an empty spectral gap.^[ref]

The plot is an original phenomenological construction, not measured data or a calculation of Anderson localization. It stipulates dimensionless transverse sheet conductivity $k(f)=1+\frac{1}{2}{\sum }_{m=1}^5[1+\tanh ((f-m-1/2)/w)]$ and longitudinal sheet conductivity $s(f)=a{\sum }_{m=1}^5{\mathrm{sech}}^2((f-m-1/2)/w)$, with chosen $w=0.06$, $a=0.08$. Both are measured in units $e^2/h$. The quantum Hall conductivity tensor inversion produces $|{\rho }_{yx}|/R_K=k/(s^2+k^2)$ and ${\rho }_{xx}/R_K=s/(s^2+k^2)$. Regions near $k=N$, $s=0$ yield plateaus near $R_K/N$; the model alone does not explain their microscopic robustness. Each step represents one resolved branch, without assuming unresolved spin or valley multiplicities.