A researcher whose joint trapped-ion experiment prepared motion near the ground state in three dimensions. The measured sideband strengths revealed the remaining excitation after resolved sideband cooling. Such state diagnostics distinguish low thermal occupation from the unavoidable zero-point energy of a confined quantum particle.[ref]
Resolved-Sideband Raman Cooling of a Bound Atom to the 3D Zero-Point Energy by Christopher Monroe and others. pp. 4011–4014: sideband analysis and residual vibrational excitation
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