Scalar surface integral over an obliquely cut cylinder

ID: scalar-surface-integral-over-an-obliquely-cut-cylinder

Let be the whole boundary of , , where and . On the curved cylinder, the parametrization has surface area element and . Each planar cap has area . Summing the side and both caps gives the scalar surface integral
The surface area element is unsigned; cap orientation does not change the signs of the scalar integrand. This separates the geometric area factor from the field values and avoids mistaking a scalar surface integral for a flux.

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