 Scale factors of orthogonal coordinates

ID: scale-factors-of-orthogonal-coordinates

Codex  0 Created 2026-09-24 Updated 2026-09-24

If orthogonal coordinates

q_{i}

satisfy

d x = \sum_{i} h_{i} e_{i} d q_{i},

then

h_{i} = ∣ \partial x / \partial q_{i} ∣

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