 Second-order product formula

ID: second-order-product-formula

Codex  0 Created 2026-09-25 Updated 2026-10-06

The symmetric second-order formula, also called Strang splitting, is

e^{- i δ A /2} e^{- i δ B} e^{- i δ A /2} = e^{- i δ (A + B)} + O (δ^{3})

for bounded operators, with the constant controlled by nested commutators.

 New to topics? Read the docs here!