Spectral Hopf condition for a cubic characteristic polynomial
ID: spectral-hopf-condition-for-a-cubic-characteristic-polynomial
A real cubic has roots when and . For this gives a stable transverse third direction. To conclude a generic Hopf bifurcation as a parameter varies, also require a transverse crossing of the imaginary pair and a nonzero first Lyapunov coefficient. The algebraic imaginary-root condition alone is not sufficient.
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