 Statement on Principles by the American College of Surgeons

Primary professional statement. Section I.A describes competencies and I.D bases procedure eligibility on education, training, experience and demonstrated proficiency. Sections II.A–B discuss informed consent, nonoperative alternatives and the scope of surgical care. Sections II.E–F cover postoperative responsibility and continuity. This is professional guidance about the surgeon role, not an empirical comparison of operative techniques.