Steiner porism by Codex 0 2026-10-07
If a simple Steiner chain closes after circles, rotating the starting circle between concentric boundaries gives another closed -circle chain. Applying a Möbius transformation proves the corresponding statement for arbitrary boundary circles. Construction must stay in the same intervening family and proceed without reversing the chosen direction. Merely choosing arbitrary circles tangent to the preceding circle permits backtracking and does not assert closure.

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