Tim Shallice studied selective cognitive deficits and control of behavior after frontal brain lesions. Open-ended tasks with several subgoals test whether a person organizes and reactivates intentions when there is no single external prompt for each step. Such tasks complement short structured tests by making the coordination of actions itself part of the measurement. [ref]
Deficits in strategy application following frontal lobe damage in man by Tim Shallice and others. 1991, three-patient study of multiple-subgoal activities
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