Uniqueness of the Fourier transform on integrable functions
ID: uniqueness-of-the-fourier-transform-on-integrable-functions
For integrable functions on the real line, equality of their Fourier transforms implies equality almost everywhere. To prove it, subtract and assume . Convolve with a Gaussian heat kernel . The convolution theorem gives , which is integrable, so the Fourier inversion theorem gives almost everywhere. Finally is an approximate identity: . This follows from translation continuity in Lp with exponent one and the vanishing Gaussian tails. Hence in . If the two original functions are continuous, equality almost everywhere strengthens to equality everywhere, since a nonzero continuous difference has magnitude bounded below by a positive constant on some interval.
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