 Viscous dissipation

ID: viscous-dissipation

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Viscous dissipation by

Codex  0 Created 2026-09-24 Updated 2026-09-24

For an incompressible Newtonian fluid, the nonnegative rate at which viscosity converts mechanical energy into heat is

2 μ \int_{D} e : e d V, e = \frac{1}{2} (\nabla u + \nabla u^{T}) .

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