Essential amino acid Updated 2025-07-16
Mineral (nutrient) Updated 2025-07-16
Vitamin Updated 2025-07-16
Mentioned at 100 Greatest Discoveries by the Discovery Channel (2004-2005) medicine episode.
Matrix mechanics Updated 2025-07-16
Published by Werner Heisenberg in 1925-07-25 as quantum mechanical re-interpretation of kinematic and mechanical relations by Heisenberg (1925), it offered the first general formulation of quantum mechanics.
It is apparently more closely related to the ladder operator method, which is a more algebraic than the more analytical Schrödinger equation.
It appears that this formulation makes the importance of the Poisson bracket clear, and explains why physicists are so obsessed with talking about position and momentum space. This point of view also apparently makes it clearer that quantum mechanics can be seen as a generalization of classical mechanics through the Hamiltonian.
QED and the men who made it: Dyson, Feynman, Schwinger, and Tomonaga by Silvan Schweber (1994) mentions however that relativistic quantum mechanics broke that analogy, because some 2x2 matrix had a different form, TODO find that again.
Inward Bound by Abraham Pais (1988) chapter 12 "Quantum mechanics, an essay" part (c) "A chronology" has some ultra brief, but worthwhile mentions of matrix mechanics and the commutator.
De Broglie-Bohm theory Updated 2025-07-16
Deterministic, but non-local.
DNA methylation Updated 2025-07-16
The first found and most important known epigenetic marker.
Happens only on adenine and cytosine. Adenine methylation is much less common in mammal than cytosine methylation, when people say "methylation" they often mean just cytosine methylation.
It often happens on promoters, where it inhibits transcription.
Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance Updated 2025-07-16
They are actually inheritable! But alleles are rare: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5559844
Deniable authentication Updated 2025-07-16
End-to-end encryption Updated 2025-07-16
Forward secrecy Updated 2025-07-16
Disk encryption Updated 2025-07-16
Spectral line Updated 2025-07-16
A single line in the emission spectrum.
Has been the leading motivation of the development of quantum mechanics, all the way from the:
- Schrödinger equation: major lines predicted, including Zeeman effect, but not finer line splits like fine structure
- Dirac equation: explains fine structure 2p spin split due to electron spin/orbit interactions, but not Lamb shift
- quantum electrodynamics: explains Lamb shift
- hyperfine structure: due to electron/nucleus spin interactions, offers a window into nuclear spin
Transactional emai provider Updated 2025-07-16
Plausible deniability of email password handover Updated 2025-07-16
You need a secondary password that when used leads to an empty inbox with a setting set where message are deleted after 2 days.
This way, if the attacker sends a test email, it will still show up, but being empty is also plausible.
Privacy focused email provider Updated 2025-07-16
List of email providers Updated 2025-07-16
Justine Musk Updated 2025-07-16
Model of elliptic geometry Updated 2025-07-16
Are there more than 3 generations of particles in the Standard Model? Updated 2025-07-16
Defining properties of elementary particles Updated 2025-07-16
A suggested at Physics from Symmetry by Jakob Schwichtenberg (2015) chapter 3.9 "Elementary particles", it appears that in the Standard Model, the behaviour of each particle can be uniquely defined by the following five numbers:
Once you specify these properties, you could in theory just pluck them into the Standard Model Lagrangian and you could simulate what happens.
Setting new random values for those properties would also allow us to create new particles. It appears unknown why we only see the particles that we do, and why they have the values of properties they have.
There are unlisted articles, also show them or only show them.
