Identify opposite sides of a square by translations to obtain a torus. All four corners become one vertex; the horizontal sides give one topological cell and the vertical sides one topological cell . The open square supplies one two-dimensional topological cell. Thus and . The cellular boundary of each one-dimensional topological cell is zero because its endpoints agree. Traversing the face boundary gives the group commutator , whose signed counts of both and vanish. Hence its cellular boundary is also zero, and .[ref]
Figure 1.
The tetrahedral sphere and the square presentation of a torus have different alternating cell counts
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The boundary of a tetrahedron is a two-sphere, with four vertices, six edges and four triangular topological cells: . Its rational Betti numbers are by homology of a sphere. The torus's two independent one-dimensional homology classes cancel its degree-zero and degree-two contributions. The torus and annulus both have Euler characteristic zero, yet different homology groups; one integer cannot recover all of homology.