Elephter Andronikashvili Created 2026-10-20 Updated 2026-11-05
Elephter Andronikashvili tested the two-fluid model of superfluidity by oscillating a stack of closely spaced disks in liquid helium-4. Viscous coupling makes the normal component follow the disks, adding to their effective moment of inertia; the superfluid component need not rotate with them. Measuring the oscillation period as temperature changes therefore estimates the normal-fluid fraction under the apparatus's entrainment conditions. The experiment turns an apparently unusual flow law into a mechanical measurement of two distinct contributions to one liquid.[ref]
Figure 1. . Devi Garibashvili (დევი ღარიბაშვილი), attribution on Commons. CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons. Source.