Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2018 iii Paper 312 1 iv Solution Created 2026-10-03 Updated 2026-10-05
For an attractor with one adiabatic clock and a regular Bunch-Davies vacuum, a long comoving curvature perturbation acts at leading order as a spatial dilation. The single-field inflation squeezed-limit consistency relation therefore fixesFor the local convention , comparison with its squeezed primordial bispectrum givesThe matter-era negative gravitational potential is , so this is also the conventional of part (i). In single-field slow-roll inflation, the spectral tilt is small and the effective local coupling is of slow-roll size, typically of order for a tilt of a few percent. This is a statement about the normalized coupling: the squeezed primordial bispectrum still contains the large long-mode power spectrum.
Formally putting this small coupling into the local template of part (ii) predicts only a tiny correction on accessible scales, rather than an order-unity local signal. For a physical halo abundance there is a stronger qualification. The consistency-relation modulation at fixed coordinate wavelength is a dilation; the coordinate size of a fixed physical halo must be dilated too. Those responses cancel. This is the absence of primordial scale-dependent halo bias in single-clock inflation: the leading consistency-relation term produces no physical halo bias. The first physical long-mode response contains two spatial derivatives, so dividing it by does not produce the local-template enhancement. Thus the leading primordial large-scale galaxy power spectrum remains the Gaussian-bias result, apart from ordinary transfer, bias, and projection effects.
The cancellation can be seen with a top-hat filter. At fixed local time, a constant long curvature rescales physical lengths by , so the coordinate radius of a fixed physical halo is , and the coordinate short density contrast is . Changing variables givesThus the smoothed field and its variance at fixed physical mass are unchanged by the constant long mode.
The assumptions matter: a non-attractor such as ultra-slow-roll inflation, additional fluctuating fields, or an excited initial state need not obey this squeezed-limit conclusion. A sizable physical local modulation would test the stated single-clock attractor assumptions, rather than every possible one-field model.