Preferential allocation of attention toward or away from a stimulus class. A group-level effect and reliable measurement of individual differences are different requirements.
A task presenting competing stimuli followed by a probe, with responses used to investigate attention. Altering the relation between emotional stimuli and probe location can train a contingency; transfer to emotional vulnerability and clinical functioning must be tested.[ref]
Selective attention and emotional vulnerability: assessing the causal basis of their association through the experimental manipulation of attentional bias by Colin MacLeod and others. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 111, 107–123; modified dot-probe training and responses to a standardised stress task
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