Suppose an unbounded domain contains the upper strip with its two vertical sides on the boundary. A bounded harmonic function with constant values on the right side and on the left side, and with valid bounded harmonic representation with almost sure Brownian exit, satisfies as . The horizontal Brownian exit time is finite; on that finite random interval the vertical Brownian path has a finite minimum. Consequently reaching the bottom before a side has probability tending to zero. The remaining two exit probabilities are the one-dimensional interval probabilities.
The domain is the union of the horizontal and vertical strips. The four connected components of its boundary carry the constants in the northeast, northwest, southwest and southeast, respectively.
Figure 1.
The cross-shaped domain, its four boundary values, and the auxiliary upper strip used for the limit at infinity
.
First justify finiteness of . A small open ball around lies outside the domain. By part (b), planar Brownian motion visits that ball almost surely in finite time. A continuous path from to that ball must meet first. Hence almost surely, and by continuity.
The harmonic function is smooth inside . The Itô formula, localized on relatively compact subdomains, makes a local martingale. Its boundary definition uses the continuous extension of . Since is bounded, this stopped process is a true martingale with uniform integrability: pass through the compact exhaustion using bounded convergence theorem. In particular .
Now almost surely as . The dominated convergence theorem, boundedness of , and its continuous boundary values give the bounded harmonic representation with almost sure Brownian exit:
Almost sure exit and boundedness of the harmonic function are both used. The domain's unboundedness causes no loss of expectation here because the stopped function values are uniformly bounded.