Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2008 iii Paper 13 5 b Solution Created 2026-10-03 Updated 2026-10-14
By locality of weak differentiability, it is enough to work near the exceptional point; translate it to zero. Let denote the classical derivative off zero, assigning any value at zero. For choose a smooth cutoff which is zero on , one outside , satisfies , and has its transition region contained in . The product avoids the singular point, so classical integration by parts givesThe middle term has absolute value at mostwhen . The other terms tend to and , since is locally integrable and . Therefore . Its value at the single point is irrelevant. This is bounded isolated-point removability for weak first derivatives.
For , take for and for on , with any value at zero. It is bounded and off zero, with classical derivative zero there. Butso its distributional derivative is a Dirac delta. If a locally integrable weak derivative existed, it would be zero off zero and hence zero almost everywhere, contradicting this identity. The step function is the required counterexample; the cutoff error in dimension one need not vanish.