Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2016 iii Paper 122 1 a Solution Created 2026-10-03 Updated 2026-10-06
Let denote the generating object, the image of the unique object of the terminal category. The free braided monoidal category on one object can be described syntactically. Its objects are all fully parenthesized expressions built from , the monoidal unit object , and a binary monoidal tensor product. Thus and are distinct objects, though canonically isomorphic. Its morphisms are generated by the associators, unitors, braidings and their inverses, closed under composition and tensor product, subject to the pentagon, triangle, naturality and hexagon axioms. No symmetry relation is imposed on the braiding. The embedding of the terminal category selects .
The braid category has objects the nonnegative integers, withwhere is the braid group on strands and are trivial. Composition is stacking braids, with the first morphism followed by the second. The monoidal tensor product is addition on objects and side-by-side juxtaposition of braids; its monoidal unit object is . The associators and unitors are identities, so it is a strict monoidal category.
Choose the positive crossing convention once and for all. Its braiding is the block braid moving the first strands over the next strands while retaining the order within each block. In particular . The usual braid group relations express the naturality and hexagon laws for these block braids. The generating functor selects .
The distinction is parenthesized tensor expressions versus strand counts: the first construction keeps the structural isomorphisms visible, while has strict tensor arithmetic. These descriptions give the two requested free constructions without needing to establish their universal properties.