Past exam of the physics B course of the University of Cambridge 2018 Paper 1 Section A A3 Solution 2026-10-18
A large gas volume can reduce the effective mass density of the water surrounding the hull. In the simple quasihydrostatic model for the buoyancy of an aerated liquid, gas void fraction givesBy Archimedes' principle, a boat displacing volume then has buoyant force . To support the same boat mass , it needs a larger displaced volume , so its draft increases. If that exceeds the available watertight displacement, it can lose flotation or become swamped:Uneven aeration and strong plume motion can also disturb stability. This explains a possible hazard, not a claim that any bubble plume must sink a boat: upward water flow, turbulence and the distribution of bubbles can exert substantial additional forces.