Suppose a convolution operator has operator norm at most , and its kernel satisfies the Hörmander integral kernel condition with constant . Under hypotheses making its integrals well-defined, the Calderón–Zygmund decomposition gives weak type (1,1). Indeed, the bounded part has squared norm at most . The bad cubes occupy at most , while outside their dilations the cancellation estimate outside a dilated cube bounds the bad image in . Applying distributional estimates to these three regions gives .
Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2004 iii Paper 7 4 ii Solution Created 2026-10-03 Updated 2026-10-14
Let be the center and the side length of . The zero integral of lets us subtract a constant kernel value:Choose . For outside the concentric cube of side length , and for ,Thus the domain of integration in is contained in . After the translations and , the Hörmander integral kernel condition givesIf the difference is zero and the same inequality holds. Apply the triangle inequality and Tonelli theorem to obtain the cancellation estimate outside a dilated cube:In particular the constant on the right is the same as in the hypothesis; only the dilation depends on the dimension.