Past exam of the logic and set theory course of the University of Oxford 2011 B 6 d Solution 2026-10-31
Let be the set of strict total orders on . Each is a subset of , so the square of an infinite cardinal givesFor the lower bound, use the set and order the two-element blocks by their first coordinates, using the well-order of . For every , put before exactly when , reversing them otherwise. This defines a strict total order for each , and different subsets give different orders. Transport these orders to along a fixed bijection . Thus , and the Cantor-Schröder-Bernstein theorem givesIf using the customary axiom of choice development of infinite cardinal arithmetic, its use here is precisely to supply and . The ordering construction makes no further choices. It proves the cardinality of the family of strict total orders. For itself an initial ordinal, these particular product identities can also be proved in ZF by well-ordering pairs according to their maximum coordinate, so full axiom of choice is stronger than this instance intrinsically requires.