An attack in which an adversary obtains decryptions of selected ciphertexts, subject to the protocol’s restrictions. The multiplicative structure of textbook RSA cryptosystem permits blinding an intercepted ciphertext by a known invertible factor.
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A chosen-ciphertext attack (CCA) is a type of cryptographic attack where an attacker is able to choose a ciphertext and obtain its corresponding decrypted plaintext. This capability allows the attacker to gather information about the decryption process and potentially exploit vulnerabilities in the encryption scheme. In a CCA, the attacker has access to a decryption oracle, which is a mechanism that can decrypt arbitrary ciphertexts.