= Christoph Gerber
{c}
<Christoph Gerber> helped develop <atomic force microscopy> with <Gerd Binnig> and <Calvin Quate>. Their 1986 paper introduced an instrument that senses probe–sample <forces> through a compliant cantilever, enabling investigation of electrically insulating surfaces.<Atomic Force Microscope by Gerd Binnig and others>[Original paper, byline, abstract and preliminary measurements]{ref}
The mechanical probe makes a small interaction measurable through displacement: in a linear approximation, a cantilever of <spring constant> $k$ deflecting by $d$ carries <force> $F=kd$. Gerber's later research includes biochemical cantilever <sensors>, extending the same transduction principle from surface imaging to detection of molecular interactions.https://cantileversensors.unibas.ch/ChGerber/Welcome.html[Author research interests and cantilever sensing]{ref}
\Image[https://cantileversensors.unibas.ch/ChGerber/Welcome_files/Gerber_0171s.jpg]
{title=Christoph Gerber}
{description=Portrait identified on the University of Basel author profile; photographer and licence are not asserted.}
{source=https://cantileversensors.unibas.ch/ChGerber/Welcome.html}
{width=220}
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