For blackbody stars of radii and temperatures , a distant circumbinary planet with Bond albedo and uniform global reradiation has planetary equilibrium temperatureThis neglects internal cooling, eccentricity, and corrections from finite binary separation. The stars heat the planet through the sum of their absorbed bolometric fluxes, not an average of their temperatures.
Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2019 iii Paper 315 2 b Solution Created 2026-10-03 Updated 2026-10-05
For , both stars illuminate the circumbinary planet at approximately distance . Treat them as blackbodies, neglect internal heating, and assume Bond albedo and uniform global reradiation. The absorbed and emitted powers areThus the equilibrium temperature of a circumbinary planet isFor an example, take , , , , , , circular coplanar orbits, and . ThenThe cooler star contributes only of the hotter star's luminosity in this example.
An opaque isothermal atmosphere emits , with no absorption or emission bands. The Wien displacement law puts the maximum of this wavelength spectrum near . At observer distance , the planetary spectral flux is .
Isothermal circumbinary-planet emission spectrum
. The emergent surface flux for the example above. The wavelength spectrum peaks near ten micrometres; the exactly isothermal opaque model has no molecular bands.