Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2004 iii Paper 30 1 c Solution Created 2026-10-03 Updated 2026-10-14
For each fixed horizon , the stipulated property is the Class D process condition on , and imposing it for every finite horizon gives a Class DL process.
First suppose is a true martingale. For every stopping time , the bounded-time optional sampling theorem givesThe conditional expectations of one integrable variable form a uniformly integrable family. To see the uniformity explicitly, put . For any , conditional Jensen and Markov inequalities giveChoose large and then large. The bound does not depend on the conditioning sigma-algebra. This proves the required uniform integrability. Bounded-time optional sampling here can also be justified directly: approximate from above by finite-grid stopping times, use discrete optional sampling with terminal value , and use this same conditional-expectation uniform integrability and right continuity to pass to the limit.
Conversely, take a localizing sequence for the local martingale. For fixed , both families and are uniformly integrable, because their times are bounded by . They converge almost surely to and , and therefore converge in . The stopped martingale identitypasses to the limit by contractivity of conditional expectation. Thus , and all time values are integrable. Hence a local martingale is a true martingale exactly when it is of Class DL. This is a finite-horizon criterion, not a claim of uniform integrability over all times simultaneously.