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Claudio Teitelboim, with Máximo Bañados and Jorge Zanelli, derived the BTZ black hole and investigated its thermodynamics. Their calculation related temperature and entropy to a three-dimensional black hole's horizon, with entropy proportional to horizon circumference.^[ref]

In three spacetime dimensions the horizon cross-section is a curve, so its length replaces the familiar two-dimensional horizon area.

Jorge Zanelli co-discovered a black-hole solution in three-dimensional spacetime with Máximo Bañados and Claudio Teitelboim. The BTZ black hole exists with a negative cosmological constant and has global horizon and thermodynamic properties despite the simpler local geometry of three-dimensional gravity.^[ref]

The example separates global spacetime structure from the local curvature description.

Máximo Bañados co-developed the BTZ black hole with Claudio Teitelboim and Jorge Zanelli in 1992. It showed that three-dimensional gravity with a negative cosmological constant admits black-hole states characterized by conserved quantities and horizons.^[ref]

This supplied a simpler setting for investigating global gravitational and thermodynamic questions without assuming that all black-hole phenomena require four-dimensional spacetime.

By Máximo Bañados, Claudio Teitelboim and Jorge Zanelli. Physical Review Letters 69, 1849–1851 (1992). The author names follow the published byline; the arXiv v3 upload is dated 2001 and reproduces the published version.

Cited passages: equations (1)–(3), negative cosmological constant, lapse/shift metric and horizon roots; discussion after equation (6), horizon thermodynamics; final geometric discussion, locally anti-de Sitter solution with discrete identifications. The article's entropy normalization sets its gravitational coupling; restore G when comparing perimeter entropy formulas.