Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2017 iii Paper 214 1 b iii Solution Created 2026-10-03 Updated 2026-10-06
For each integer , consider the cut of horizontal edges joining column to column inside the strip. It contains exactly edges. Its being completely closed has probabilityDifferent cuts use disjoint edge sets, so these closed-cut events are independent. Any graph path from column zero to column , even one that wanders to other columns first, must cross each cut with . None of those cuts may therefore be completely closed. This gives the closed-cut bound for percolation in a strip:Taking negative logarithms, dividing by and taking the established limit of a sequence yieldsThe strict inequality uses both finite width and . It is consistent with , since . At all strip connections occur and the decay rate is zero, so that excluded endpoint would invalidate strict positivity. The mechanism is a positive probability of an impermeable finite cut, rather than any assumption that the unrestricted lattice is subcritical.