Closed paths at vertex form a basis of . For nonzero finite linear combinations , take their largest path lengths . In the length- part of , a concatenated path has a unique cut into lengths . Thus a product of nonzero top-degree coefficients cannot cancel, and . The corner is a noncommutative domain and has no idempotents except zero and its identity . This argument works with oriented cycles and proves indecomposability of the vertex projective module of a path algebra without falsely assuming that its endomorphism ring is local.
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