Label opposite , opposite , opposite and opposite . Since the tetrahedron is nondegenerate, its scalar triple product is nonzero. Put to handle either orientation of a vector space. Then the required outward vectors are
Each cross product has magnitude twice the area of its triangular face. The signs are fixed geometrically: , so points away from the opposite vertex; the same test with and handles and . For the remaining face, the displacement toward its opposite vertex is , and , again outward.
Expand the first cross product:
Therefore
This is closure of outward face area vectors, with every face area multiplied by the same factor two. Omitting would orient all four faces inward when .