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Put $P={\mathbb{P}}_k^2$ and $S=k[t_0,t_1,t_2]$. A homogeneous polynomial $F$ of positive degree $d$ is nonzero, and $S$ is an integral domain. Multiplication by $F$ therefore gives an exact sequence of coherent sheaveswhere $i:X\hookrightarrow P$ is the closed immersion.

We compute the necessary cohomology of twisting sheaves on projective space. The standard three affine open subsets $D_{+}(t_i)$ and all their intersections are affine schemes. For a quasi-coherent sheaf, vanishing of quasi-coherent cohomology on an affine scheme and the acyclic cover theorem identify its sheaf cohomology with the Čech cohomology of this cover. In degree $m$, the Čech cochain complex isDecompose it into subcomplexes indexed by Laurent monomials $t_0^{a_0}{t}_1^{a_1}{t}_2^{a_2}$ with $a_0+a_1+a_2=m$. Let $N=\{i:a_i<0\}$. Such a monomial occurs in the summand for a nonempty index set $J$ precisely when $N\subseteq J$, since only the variables in $J$ are inverted.

If $N$ is empty, the monomial contributes the cochain complex of a full two-simplex: its degree-zero cohomology is $k$ and its higher cohomology vanishes. If $|N|=1$, the dimensions in degrees $0,1,2$ are $1,2,1$; the first map has rank one and the second map has rank one with the same kernel as the first map's image. If $|N|=2$, there is one copy of $k$ in each of degrees $1$ and $2$ and the map between them is an isomorphism. These two cases are acyclic over every field, including characteristic two. If $N=\{0,1,2\}$, only the degree-two term occurs, contributing one copy of $k$. It follows thatand that $H^0(P,{\mathcal{O}}_P)=k$, $H^0(P,{\mathcal{O}}_P(-d))=0$, and $H^2(P,{\mathcal{O}}_P)=0$. Moreover the Laurent-monomial description of top cohomology on projective space gives a basis of $H^2(P,{\mathcal{O}}_P(-d))$ consisting ofFor $d\ge 3$, subtracting one from each $b_i$ counts these as $\left(\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{d-1}{2}\right)$. For $d=1,2$ there are no such triples, and the formula $(d-1)(d-2)/2$ is also zero.

Use the long exact sequence in sheaf cohomology of the initial sequence, and cohomology under a closed immersion to identify the terms for $i_{\ast }{\mathcal{O}}_X$. The vanishings just proved giveThereforeThis proves the cohomology of a projective plane hypersurface without imposing smoothness, irreducibility or reducedness. In particular, the second number is an arithmetic genus, not a claim about the genus of a normalization.

Put $R_j=S/I_j$ and $R_0=S$. The hypothesis says multiplication by $F_j$ on the graded ring $R_{j-1}$ is injective for $j=2,3$. Checking homogeneous elements suffices: an arbitrary annihilated element splits into homogeneous components, each annihilated separately because $F_j$ and $I_{j-1}$ are homogeneous. Also $F_1\ne 0$ because it has degree $d_1>0$, and $S$ is an integral domain. Thus $F_1,F_2,F_3$ is a regular sequence, and the suggested short exact sequences becomeSheafification and twisting preserve exactness. With $X_0={\mathbb{P}}_{\mathbb{C}}^4$, the resulting sequences, interpreted on the ambient projective space via the closed inclusions, areCohomology under a closed immersion identifies the displayed sheaf cohomology with that on $X_j$. For every integer $m$, cohomology of twisting sheaves on projective space gives $H^q(X_0,\mathcal{O}(m))=0$ for $1\le q\le 3$. Inducting through the long exact sequence in sheaf cohomology givesIndeed the two adjacent groups have degrees $q$ and $q+1$ on $X_{j-1}$, both in its vanishing range. This is intermediate cohomology vanishing for a projective complete intersection.

We simultaneously prove $H^0(X_j,{\mathcal{O}}_{X_j}(m))=0$ for $m<0$ and $H^0(X_j,{\mathcal{O}}_{X_j})=\mathbb{C}$. Both hold on $X_0$ by the same projective-space formula. For $j\le 3$, the preceding stage has $H^1(X_{j-1},\mathcal{O}(m-d_j))=0$. If $m<0$, both degree-zero groups on that stage vanish, so the new one vanishes. If $m=0$, the left degree-zero group vanishes because $-d_j<0$, while the middle group is $\mathbb{C}$. Therefore the natural restriction of constant functions is an isomorphism at every stage:These are isomorphisms of $\mathbb{C}$-algebras, not just vector spaces. The global regular functions on a positive-dimensional projective complete intersection are constants even if the complete intersection is singular or nonreduced; smoothness and reducedness were not assumed.

Multiplication by the homogeneous equation $f_d$ and restriction to its zero scheme give the structure-sheaf sequence of a hypersurfaceBy cohomology under a closed immersion, $H^q({\mathbb{P}}^3,i_{\ast }{\mathcal{O}}_X)\cong H^q(X,{\mathcal{O}}_X)$. The associated long exact sequence in cohomology containsBoth outer groups vanish by the cohomology of twisting sheaves on projective space, because they are intermediate cohomology groups on ${\mathbb{P}}^3$. Therefore

Choose a finite affine cover $\mathcal{U}=(U_j)$ of the Noetherian scheme $X$. Because $X$ is separated, every finite intersection $U_J$ is affine. Its inverse image $V_J=Z\cap U_J$ under the closed immersion is also affine. By the definition of the direct image sheaf,The Čech complexes for $i_{\ast }\mathcal{F}$ on $\mathcal{U}$ and for $\mathcal{F}$ on the induced cover $(Z\cap U_j)$ are therefore identical, including their restriction maps. Both affine covers are acyclic for the relevant quasi-coherent sheaves, so the acyclic cover theorem givesfor every $q$. This is cohomology under a closed immersion.

For $X={\mathbb{P}}_k^n$, use its $n+1$ standard affine opens. The induced cover of $Z$ is still acyclic, and its Čech complex has no cochains in degrees greater than $n$. The cohomological dimension bound from an affine cover therefore yields