Common-envelope energy formalism
= Common-envelope energy formalism
The common-envelope energy formalism equates a fraction $\alpha_{\rm CE}$ of the released orbital energy to the envelope binding energy, often written $E_{\rm bind}=GM_dM_{\rm env}/(\lambda R_d)$. It estimates the post-envelope separation but compresses uncertain hydrodynamics into $\alpha_{\rm CE}$ and $\lambda$.