Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2009 iii Paper 37 1 b Solution Created 2026-10-03 Updated 2026-10-14
Put . The count has the zero-based geometric distribution, whose probability generating function is . Hence the aggregate has a compound geometric distribution, withThis transform requires ; it holds for every . To differentiate explicitly, let . ThenandAt zero, and , givingEvery term is positive for and strictly positive claim sizes. Therefore the unstandardized skewness is positive, even if the claim-size third central moment itself is negative. The zero-based convention matters: there is no factor in the numerator of this aggregate transform.