Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2002 ib Paper 4 4G b Solution Created 2026-09-24 Updated 2026-10-14
Let , and suppose were a separation into disjoint nonempty relatively open sets. Each connected subset lies wholly in or wholly in , by the argument just proved. Since , consecutive subsets must lie on the same side. Induction puts every on the side containing . The other side is then empty, a contradiction. Hence is connected. This is the connected chain of overlapping subsets argument; it does not require all the subsets to share one common point.