Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2012 iii Paper 56 2 e Solution Created 2026-10-03 Updated 2026-10-07
Let , which is constant by the preceding argument. Substitution into geodesic deviation givesusing and the established orthogonality. With , metric compatibility yields andThereforeBoth and are orthogonal to , so their squared norms are nonnegative. The minus sign in this conserved deviation energy in constant curvature reflects , rather than an ordinary oscillator when .