Cosmic Background Explorer 2026-10-18
The Cosmic Background Explorer connected two questions: does the cosmic microwave background follow a Planck spectrum, and how does its temperature vary across the sky? John C. Mather and George F. Smoot shared the 2006 Nobel Prize in Physics for these discoveries.[ref]
George F. Smoot – Facts by Nobel Prize Outreach. 2006 award and discovery summary
The FIRAS and COBE DMR comparisons below explain why measuring spectral shape and measuring angular structure require different information.