Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2014 ia Paper 1 8C iii Solution Created 2026-09-24 Updated 2026-10-06
For the map has the explicit formIts diagonal entries sum to zero and its conjugate transpose is its negative, because the three coordinates are real. Hence it is traceless and a skew-Hermitian matrix.
Direct multiplication of the given basis matrices yieldsThe reverse products give the negative commutators, and equal-index commutators vanish. Bilinearity then givesThus the cross product is represented by the commutator:This realizes the cross-product model of su(2) with exactly the normalization and cyclic orientation used here.
Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2014 ia Paper 1 8C iv Solution Created 2026-09-24 Updated 2026-10-06
Every traceless skew-Hermitian matrix of size two has the formso it equals for . If , take . Otherwise choose a unit vector perpendicular to and set , . The vector triple product gives .
By part (iii), choosing and gives the required representationIn fact both factors can themselves be chosen as traceless skew-Hermitian matrices. The cross-product model of su(2) explains this geometric commutator construction.