Past exam of the relativity course of the University of Cambridge 2016 Paper 1 1 a Solution 2026-10-20
Use an affine parameter , with dots denoting its derivatives, and take so the metric is nondegenerate for . The geodesic Lagrangian is . The Euler-Lagrange equations giveor . The conserved cyclic angular momentum isThis is the cyclic angular momentum in a rotational metric, associated with the rotational Killing vector . Explicitly, by the angular equation.
Differentiating the Lagrangian and substituting both equations givesThus the squared tangent norm is constant. If is arc length, it equals one; its numerical value otherwise depends on affine normalization. An arbitrary nonaffine parametrization would not preserve this constant-speed statement.