Dunning-Kruger effect
= Dunning-Kruger effect
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{wiki=Dunning–Kruger_effect}
A pattern in which low observed performers overestimate their performance, often accompanied by hypotheses about deficits in evaluating their own answers. Task skill, comparison-group beliefs, measurement noise and grouping can all affect the observed relation; the pattern alone does not identify one cause.<Unskilled and Unaware of It by Justin Kruger and David Dunning>[1999, original empirical proposal]{ref}