Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2016 iii Paper 201 4 b Solution Created 2026-10-03 Updated 2026-10-06
The increments are independent normal random variables, each distributed as . Their squared means are and, using the permitted variance, their squared variances are . Independence therefore givesConsequently the dyadic quadratic variation converges to one:This is dyadic quadratic variation of Brownian motion on the time interval of length one. The calculation requires independence only within each partition; increments from different resolutions need not be independent.
A function with finite Hölder seminorm of exponent has squared-increment sum on a uniform -interval partition bounded by , hence tending to zero. This conflicts with a nonzero quadratic-variation limit. In particular dyadic quadratic variation of Brownian motion prevents a Brownian coordinate law supported on such a Hölder space. This argument alone gives no conclusion at the critical exponent .